TABLE 1. Evidence for neurotransmitter candidates in the LC locus coeruleus a
 

Immunoreactive

 

Neurotransmitterb

fibers

Binding sites

Effects

Acetylcholine

57

56

27

ACTH

70

 

47

Angiotensin II

21

43

72

CRF

66

12

66

Enkephalin

6, 37

7

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this volume

Epinephrine

44

73

6

Excitatory amino acids

18

 

5

GABA

46

 

69

Galanin

62

 

Neuropeptide Y

60

 

Neurotensin

64

 

47

Serotonin

50

71

5

Somatostatin

34

22

47

Substance P

51)

52)

27, 47

Vasopressin

13

 

47

VIP

14

42

67

a The numbers in columns 2-4 are reference numbers.

b ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone; CRF, corticotropin-releasing hormone;

GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid; VIP, vasoactive intestinal peptide.

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published 2000