| Figure 8. |
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| Mean phase costs for investigational self-originated NCEs (7). Data are for a sample of NCEs that first entered clinical testing anywhere in the world during 1970 to 1982. The all category results are for the full sample of 93 NCEs. Animal costs were incurred during the clinical period. Other animal costs are for animal testing that firms did not classify as long-term carcinogenicity or teratogenicity testing. |
published 2000