FIG. 4

Early (developmental), mid (completed), and late (spontaneous) phases of amygdala (top) or pharmacological (bottom) kindling evolution show differences in pharmacological responsivity (++ = very effective, 0 = not effective). The double dissociation in response to diazepam and phenytoin in the early versus the late phases, as described by Pinel, are particularly striking. Note also that carbamazepine is effective in inhibiting the development phase of local anesthetic but not amygdala kindling, whereas the converse is true for the mid (completed) phase.

Back to Chapter

published 2000