FIG. 3

As indicated in Fig. 2 for electrical stimulation, initial stressors might not be sufficient to trigger the full neurobiological concomitants of a depressive episode (STATE), but may nonetheless leave behind biological (TRAIT) vulnerabilities (shaded center line) to further alterations. The state of depression with its associated putative peptide and hormonal increases (top) and decreases (bottom) may then leave behind further trait vulnerabilities and residua, propelling the illness to further episode recurrence and automaticity.

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published 2000