1. Albers LJ, Reist C, Helmeste D, Vu R, Tang SW. Paroxetine shifts imipramine metabolism. Psychiatr Res 1996;59:189-196.

2. Alderman J, Preskon S, Greenblatt D, et al: Desipramine pharmacokinetics when coadministered with paroxetine or sertraline in extensive metabolizers. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1997;17:284-291.

3. Andersen BB, Mikkelsen M, Vesterager A, et al. No influence of the antidepressant paroxetine on carbamazepine, valproate and phenytoin. Epilepsy Res 1991;10:201-204.

4. Andersson T, Miners JO, Veronese ME, Birkett DJ. Diazepam metabolism by human liver microsomes is mediated by both S-mephenytoin hydroxylase and CYP3A isoforms. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1994;38:131-137.

5. Bannister SJ, Houser VP, Hulse JD, Kisicki JC, Rasmussen JGC. Evaluation of the potential for interactions of paroxetine with diazepam, cimetidine, warfarin, and digoxin. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1989;80 (suppl. 350):102-106.

6. Baumann P, Bertschy G. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibiting antidepressants (SSRIs) with other psychotropic drugs. Nord J Psychiatry 1993;47(Suppl 30):13-19.

7. Baumann P, Jonzier-Perey M, Koeb L, Kupfer A, Tinguely D, Schopf J. Amitriptyline pharmacokinetics and clinical response: II. Metabolic polymorphism assessed by hydroxylation of debrisoquine and mephenytoin. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1986;1:102-112.

8. Benfield P, Ward A. Fluvoxamine: a review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic efficacy in depressive illness. Drugs 1986;32:313-334.

9. Bergstrom RF, Peyton AL, Lemberger L. Quantification and mechanism of the fluoxetine and tricyclic antidepressant interaction. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1992;51:239-248.

10. Bertilsson L, Aberg-Wistedt A. The debrisoquine hydroxylation test predicts steady-state plasma levels of desipramine. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1983;15:388-389.

11. Bertilsson L, Henthorn TK, Sanz E, Tybring G, Sawe J, Villen T. Importance of genetic factors in the regulation of diazepam metabolism: Relationship to S-mephenytoin, but not debrisoquin, hydroxylation phenotype. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1989;45:348-355.

12. Bertschy G, Vandel S, Allers G, Volmat R. Fluvoxamine-tricyclic antidepressant interaction. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1991;40:119-120.

13. Bertschy G, Vandel S, Francois T, et al. Metabolic interaction between tricyclic antidepressant and fluvoxamine and fluoxetine, a pharmacogenetic approach. Clin Neuropharmacol 1992;15(Suppl. 1):78A-79A.

14. Bloomer JC, Woods FR, Haddock RE, Lennard MS, Tucker GT. The role of cytochrome P4502D6 in the metabolism of paroxetine by human liver microsomes. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1992;33:521-523.

15. Bonnet P, Vandel S, Nezelog S, Sechter D, Bizouard P. Carbamazepine, fluvoxamine: Is there a pharmacokinetic interaction? Therapie 1992;47:165.

16. Britton J, So E. Selection of antiepileptic drugs: a practical approach. Mayo Clin Proc 1996;71:778-786.

17. Brosen K. Isozyme specific drug oxidation: genetic polymorphism and drug-drug interactions. Nord J Psychiatry 1993;47(Suppl 30):21-26.

18. Brosen K, Gram L. Quinidine inhibits the 2-hydroxylation of imipramine and desipramine but not the demethylation of imipramine. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1989;37:155-160.

19. Brosen K, Gram LF, Skjelbo E, Neilsen KK. Pharmacogenetics of tricyclic and novel antidepressants: recent developments. Clin Neuropharmacol 1992;15(suppl 1):80A-81A.

20. Brosen K, Hansen JG, Neilsen KK, Sindrup SH, Gram LF. Inhibition by paroxetine of desipramine metabolism in extensive but not in poor metabolizers of sparteine. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1993;44:349-355.

21. Brosen K, Klysner R, Gram L, Otton S, Bech P, Bertilsson L. Steady-state concentrations of imipramine and its metabolites in relation to the sparteine/debrisoquine polymorphism. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1986;30:679-684.

22. Brosen K, Otton SV, Gram LF. Imipramine demethylation and hydroxylation: Impact of the sparteine oxidation phenotype. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1986;40:543-549.

23. Brosen K, Skjelbo E, Rasmussen BB, Poulsen HE, Loft S. Fluvoxamine is a potent inhibitor of cytochrome P4501A2. Biochem Pharmacol 1993;45:1211-1214.

24. Brosen K, Zeugin T, Meyer UA. Role of P450IID6, the target of the sparteine-debrisoquin oxidation polymorphism, in the metabolism of imipramine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1991;49:609-617.

25. Burke MJ, Carmichael C, Harvey A, Preskorn SH. The prevalence of polypharmacy as a potential risk for drug interactions in the outpatient treatment of major depression and the inpatient treatment of schizophrenia. [Unpublished] 1996.

26. Caccia S, Ballabio M, Samanin R, et al. (O)-m-Chlorophenyl-piperazine, a central 5-hydroxytryptamine agonist, is a metabolite of trazodone. J Pharm Pharmacol 1981;33:477-478.

27. Crewe HK, Lennard MS, Tucker GT, Woods FR, Haddock RE. The effect of paroxetine and other specific serotonin re-uptake inhibitors on cytochrome P450IID6 activity in human liver microsomes. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1991;32:658P-659P.

28. Dahl M, Nordin C, Bertilsson L. Enantioselective hydroxylation of nortriptyline in human liver microsomes, intestinal homogenate, and patients treated with nortriptyline. Ther Drug Monit 1991;13:189-194.

29. Donelli E, Commodari B, Sorge GA, Viglianesi M, Lanteri G. Effects of beta-blockers in lithium-induced tremor. Biol Psychiatry 1991;29:355S.

30. Farde L, Nordstrom A, Wiesel F, Pauli S, Halldin C, Sedvall G. Positron emission tomographic analysis of central D1 and D2 dopamine receptor occupancy in patients treated with classical neuroleptics and clozapine. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992;49:538-544.

31. Fischman A, Williams SA, Drury C, et al. Sustained 5HT2 receptor occupancy of ziprasidone using PET ligand [18F] setoperone in healthy volunteers. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 1996;(Suppl 3):177.

32. Fleishaker JC, Hulst LK. A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of the combined administration of alprazolam and fluvoxamine. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1994;46:35-39.

33. Flockhart D. Drug interactions, cardiac toxicity, and terfenadine: from bench to clinic? J Clin Psychopharmacol 1996;16(2):101-103.

34. Fritze J, Unsorg B, Lanczik M. Interaction between carbamazepine and fluvoxamine. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1991;84:583-584.

35. Gardner MJ, Ronfeld RA, Wilner KD, et al. Effect of sertraline on the pharmacokinetics and protein binding of diazepam in healthy volunteers. Clin Pharmacokinet 1997;32:43-49.

36. Goldstein J, de Morais S. Biochemistry and molecular biology of the human CYP 2C subfamily. Pharmacogenetics 1994;4:285-299.

37. Gonzalez FJ. Human cytochromes P450: problems and prospects. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1992;13:346-352.

38. Gonzalez FJ, Gelboin HV. Human cytochromes P450: evolution and cDNA-directed expression. Environ Health Perspect 1992;98:81-85.

39. Gonzalez FJ, Nebert DW. Evolution of the P450 gene superfamily: animal-plant 'warfare', molecular drive and human genetic differences in drug oxidation. Trends Genet 1990;6:182-186.

40. Gram LF, Hansen MGJ, Sindrup SH, et al. Citalopram: interaction studies with levomepromazine, imipramine, and lithium. Ther Drug Monit 1993;15:18-24.

41. Greb WH, Buscher G, Dierdorf HD, Koster FE, Wolf D, Mellows G. The effect of liver enzyme inhibition by cimetidine and enzyme induction by phenobarbitone on the pharmacokinetics of paroxetine. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1989;80(suppl. 350):95-98.

42. Greenblatt DJ, Preskorn SH, Cotreau MM, Horst WD, Harmatz JS. Fluoxetine impairs clearance of alprazolam but not of clonazepam. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1992;52:479-486.

43. Grimsley SR, Jann MW, Carter JG, D'Mello AP, D'Souza MJ. Increased carbamazepine plasma concentrations after fluoxetine coadministration. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1991;50:10-15.

44. Hartter S, Wetzel H, Hammes E, Hiemke C. Inhibition of antidepressant demethylation and hydroxylation by fluvoxamine in depressed patients. Psychopharmacology 1993;110:302-308.

45. Harvey AT, Preskorn SH. Interactions of serotonin reuptake inhibitors with tricyclic antidepressants. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995;52:783-784.

46. Harvey AT, Preskorn SH. Cytochrome P450 enzymes: interpretation of their interactions with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Part I & II. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1996;16:273-285, 345-355.

47. Holm M, Olesen F. Prescribing of psychotropic drugs in general practice. Ugskr Laeger 1989;151:2122-2126.

48. Honig PK, Woosley RL, Zamani K, Conner DP, Cantilena LR, Jr. Changes in the pharmacokinetics and electrocardiographic pharmacodynamics of terfenadine with concomitant administration of erythromycin. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1992;52:231-238.

49. Honig PK, Wortham DC, Zamani K, Conner DP, Mullin JC, Cantilena LR. Terfenadine-ketoconazole interaction: pharmacokinetic and electrocardiographic consequences. JAMA 1993;269:1513-1518.

50. Jann M, Carson S, Grimsley S, Erikson S, Kumar A, Carter J. Effects of sertraline (SER) upon imipramine (IMI) pharmacodynamics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1995;57:207

51. Jeppesen U, Gram L, Vistisen K, Loft S, Poulsen H, Brosen K. Dose-dependent inhibition of CYP1A2, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 by citalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine and paroxetine. [Abstract] Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1996;51:73-78.

52. Jeppesen U, Loft S, Poulsen H, Brosen K. A fluvoxamine-caffeine interaction study. Pharmacogenetics 1996;6:213-222.

53. Jerling M, Lindstrom L, Bondesson U, Bertilsson L. Fluvoxamine inhibition and carbamazepine induction of the metabolism of clozapine: Evidence from a therapeutic drug monitoring service. Ther Drug Monit 1994;16:368-374.

54. Kahn R, Asiris G, Wetzler S, et al. Neuroendocrine evidence for serotonin receptor hypersensitivity in panic disorder. Psychopharmacology 1988;96:360-364.

55. Kapur S, Remington G, Zipursky R, et al. The D2 dopamine receptor occupancy of risperidone and its relationship to extrapyramidal symptoms: a PET study. Life Sci 1995;57:103-107.

56. Ketter T, Flockhart D, Post R, et al. The emerging role of cytochrome P450 3A in psychopharmacology. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1995;15:387-398.

57. Kobayashi K, Yamumoto T, Chiba K, Tani M, Ishizaki T, Kuroiwa Y. The effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and their metabolites on S-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylase activity in human liver microsomes. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1995;40:481-485.

58. Kunze K, Eddy AC, Gibaldi M, Trager W. Metabolic enantiomeric interactions: The inhibition of human (S)-warfarin-7-hydroxylase by (R)-warfarin. Chirality 1991;3:24-29.

59. Kupfer A, Preisig R. Pharmacogenetics of mephenytoin: A new drug hydroxylation polymorphism in man. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1984;26:753-759.

60. Kurtz D, Bergstrom R, Goldberg M, Cerimale B. Drug interaction between sertraline and desipramine or imipramine. J Clin Pharmacol 1994;34:1030

61. Lasher TA, Fleishaker JC, Steenwyk RC, Antal EJ. Pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamic evaluation of the combined administration of alprazolam and fluoxetine. Psychopharmacology 1991;104:323-327.

62. Lemberger L, Rowe H, Bosomworth JC, Tenbarge JB, Bergstrom RF. The effect of fluoxetine on the pharmacokinetics and psychomotor responses of diazepam. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1988;43:412-419.

63. Lin K, Anderson D, Poland R. Ethnicity and Psychopharmacology. Bridging the gap. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1995;18:635-647.

64. Lin K-M, Poland RE. Ethnicity, Culture, and Psychopharmacology. In: Bloom F, Kupfer D, eds. Psychopharmacology: The fourth generation of progress. New York: Raven Press Ltd, 1995;1907-1917.

65. Melmon K, Nierenberg D. ; Melmon K, Morrelli H, Hoffman B, Nierenberg D, eds. Clinical pharmacology. Basic principles in therapeutics. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc, 1992;1-51.

66. Nebert DW, Adesnik M, Coon MJ, et al. The P450 gene superfamily: Recommended nomenclature. DNA 1987;6:1-11.

67. Nebert DW, Gonzalez FJ. P450 genes: structure, evolution, and regulation. Ann Rev Biochem 1987;56:945-993.

68. Nebert DW, Nelson DR, Feyereisen R. Evolution of the cytochrome P450 genes. Xenobiotica 1989;19:1149-1160.

69. Nelson DR, Kamataki T, Waxman DJ, et al. The P450 superfamily: update on new sequences, gene mapping, accession numbers, early trivial names of enzymes, and nomenclature. DNA Cell Biol 1993;12:1-51.

70. Olkkola KT, Aranko K, Luurila H, et al. A potentially hazardous interaction between erythromycin and midazolam. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1993;53:298-305.

71. Otton SV, Ball SE, Cheung SW, Inaba T, Sellers EM. Comparative inhibition of the polymorphic enzyme CYP2D6 by venlafaxine (VF) and other 5HT uptake inhibitors. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1994;55:141.

72. Otton SV, Wu D, Joffe RT, Cheung SW, Sellers EM. Inhibition by fluoxetine of cytochrome P450 2D6 activity. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1993;53:401-409.

73. Perucca E, Gatti G, Cipolla G, et al. Inhibition of diazepam metabolism by fluvoxamine: A pharmacokinetic study in normal volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1994;56:471-476.

74. Pilowsky L, Busatto G, Taylor M, et al. Dopamine D2 receptor occupancy in vivo by the novel atypical antipsychotic olanzapine-a 123IBZM single photon emission tomography (SPET) study. Psychopharmacology 1996;124:148-153.

75. Preskorn S, Alderman J, Chung M, Harrison W, Messig M, Harris S. Pharmacokinetics of desipramine coadministered with sertraline or fluoxetine. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1994;14:90-98.

76. Preskorn S, Alderman J, Greenblatt D, Horst W. Sertraline does not inhibit cytochrome (CYP) 3A-mediated drug metabolism in vivo. Psychopharmacol Bull 1997;33:659-665.

77. Preskorn S, Magnus R. Inhibition of hepatic P-450 isoenzymes by serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors: in vitro and in vivo findings and their implications for patient care. Psychopharmacol Bull 1994;30:251-259.

78. Preskorn S. Clinical pharmacology of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Caddo, OK. Professional Communications, Inc. 1996.

79. Preskorn SH, Beber JH, Faul JC, Hirschfeld RMA. Serious adverse effects of combining fluoxetine and tricyclic antidepressants. Am J Psychiatry 1990;147:532.

80. Preskorn SH, Glotzbach RK. A liquid chromatographic method for quantitating amitriptyline in brain tissue. Psychopharmacology 1982;78:23-24.

81. Rapeport WG, Williams SA, Muirhead DC, Dewland PM, Tanner T, Wesnes K. Absence of a sertraline-mediated effect on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of carbamazepine. J Clin Psychiatry 1996;57 (suppl 1):20-23.

82. Rasmussen B, Maenpaa J, Loft S, Poulsen H, Lykkesfeldt J, Brosen K. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and theophylline metabolism in human liver microsomes: potent inhibition by fluvoxamine. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1995;39:151-159.

83. Rettie AE, Korzekwa KR, Kunze KL, et al. Hydroxylation of warfarin by human cDNA-expressed cytochrome P-450: a role for P-4502C9 in the etiology of (S)-warfarin-drug interactions. Chem Res Toxicol 1992;5:54-59.

84. Rowe H, Carmichael R, Lemberger L. The effect of fluoxetine on warfarin metabolism in the rat and man. Life Sci 1978;23:807-812.

85. Seeman P. Dopamine receptor sequences. Therapeutic levels of neuroleptics occupy D2 receptors, clozapine occupies D4.. Neuropsychopharmacology 1992;7:261-284.

86. Shader RI, von Moltke LL, Schmider J, Harmatz JS, Greenblatt DJ. The clinician and drug interactions—an update. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1996;16:197-201.

87. Skjelbo E, Brosen K. Inhibitors of imipramine metabolism by human liver microsomes. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1992;34:256-261.

88. Sperber AD. Toxic interaction between fluvoxamine and sustained release theophylline in an 11-year-old boy. Drug Saf 1991;6:460-462.

89. Spina E, Birgersson C, von Bahr C, et al. Phenotypic consistency in hydroxylation of desmethylimipramine and debrisoquine in healthy subjects and in human liver microsomes. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1984;36:677-682.

90. Spina E, Pollicino AM, Avenoso A, Campo GM, Perucca E, Caputi AP. Effect of fluvoxamine on the pharmacokinetics of imipramine and desipramine in healthy subjects. Ther Drug Monit 1993;15:243-246.

91. Stevens JC, Wrighton SA. Interaction of the enantiomers of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine with human liver cytochromes P450. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1993;266:964-971.

92. Thomson AH, McGovern EM, Bennie P, Caldwell G, Smith M. Interaction between fluvoxamine and theophylline. Pharmaceutical J 1992; 137.

93. Varhe A, Olkkola KT, Neuvonen PJ. Oral triazolam is potentially hazardous to patients receiving systemic antimycotics ketoconazole and itraconazole. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1994;56:601-607.

94. Vaughan DA. Interaction of fluoxetine with tricyclic antidepressants. Am J Psychiatry 1988;145:1478

95. von Moltke L, Greenblatt D, Schmider J, Harmatz J, Shader R. Metabolism of drugs by cytochrome P450 3A isoforms: Implications for drug interactions in psychopharmacology. Clin Pharmacokinet 1995;29 (Suppl.1):33-44.

96. von Moltke LL, Greenblatt DJ, Cotreau-Bibbo MM, Duan SX, Harmatz JS, Shader RI. Inhibition of desipramine hydroxylation in vitro by serotonin-reuptake-inhibitor antidepressants, and by quinidine and ketoconazole: a model system to predict drug interactions in vivo. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1994;268:1278-1283.

97. von Moltke LL, Greenblatt DJ, Court MH, Duan SX, Harmatz JS, Shader RI. Inhibition of alprazolam and desipramine hydroxylation in vitro by paroxetine and fluvoxamine: Comparison with other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1995;15:125-131.

98. von Moltke LL, Greenblatt DJ, Duan SX, Harmatz JS, Shader RI. In vitro prediction of the terfenadine-ketoconazole pharmacokinetic interaction. J Clin Pharmacol 1994;34:1222-1227.

99. von Moltke LL, Greenblatt DJ, Duan SX, Schmider J, Harmatz JS, Shader RI. In vitro biotransformation of phenacetin to acetaminophen: metabolic inhibition by antidepressants. Am Soc Clin Pharmacol Ther 1996;59:175.

100. Watkins PB. Drug metabolism by cytochromes P450 in liver and small bowel. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1992;21:511-526.

101. Apseloff G, Wilner KD, Gerber N, Tremaine LM. Effect of sertraline on protein binding of warfarin. Clin Pharmacokinet 1997;32 (Suppl. 1):37-42.

102. Yun CH, Okerholm RA, Guengerich FP. Oxidation of the antihistaminic drug terfenadine in human liver microsomes: Role of cytochrome P-450 3A(4) in N-dealkylation and C-hydroxylation. Drug Metab Dispos 1993;21:403-409.

103. Zamfir O, Brogna P, Baudrie V, et al. Effects of cold stress on some 5HT1a, 5-HT1c, and 5-HTZ receptor mediated responses. Eur J Pharmacol 1992;219:261-269.

104. Zimmermann M, Duruz H, Guinand O, et al. Torsades de pointes after treatment with terfenadine and ketoconazole. Eur Heart J 1992;13:1002-1003.

105. Zussman B, Davie C, Fowles S, et al. Sertraline, like other SSRIs, is a significant inhibitor of desipramine metabolism in vivo. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1995;39:550-551.

Back to Chapter