Figure 12. Diagrammatic representation of cortical organization of VIP neurons, illustrating their columnar organization and their efferent and afferent connections. VIP, VIP-containing bipolar cells (green); NA, noradrenergic afferent (yellow); Pyr, pyramidal cells furnishing major afferent projections (red); SA, specific afferent (from the thalamus or from other cortical regions) [blue]; WM, subcortical white matter. Cortical layers denoted by Roman numerals. Taken, with permission, from P.J. Magistretti and J.H. Morrison (88).