Figure 1.

The effect of acute tail shock on extracellular NE in hippocampus of naive and chronically cold-stressed rats. Thirty minutes of intermittent tail shock (line) was administered after obtaining at least four stable baseline samples. Basal NE levels did not differ between the two groups. In naive rats (solid bars), tail shock produced a 54% increase in extracellular NE (n = 9), whereas in chronically cold-stressed rats (hatched bars) an 82% increase above baseline occurred (n = 9). Results are expressed as mean ± SEM; *, p < 0.05 versus respective baseline; †, p < 0.05 chronically cold-stressed versus naive rats. (From ref. 41).

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published 2000